Every tooth consists of 3 different layers. The outermost layer is the enamel, the next inner layer is dentin, and third is the pulp. The pulp is the hollow interior portion of the tooth where the nerves and blood vessels are contained.
If the pulp of the tooth is exposed to the outside, the tissue becomes contaminated and can eventually get infected. There are different reasons why the pulp can get exposed such as tooth decay or fracture. The use of a digital x-ray helps the doctor to determine the cause of tissue being damaged. In this case, root canal (endodontic) treatment is usually recommended.
In this process the doctor removes the infected tissue from the tooth. The space is then disinfected and filled with special materials. With today's advancements in root canal techniques and materials, they are far more comfortable and faster.
After root canal treatment is complete, the doctor usually recommends a crown be placed on the tooth to safeguard against fracture.